Today we will see how to make project on 'project on content of cold drink available in market for class 12th' this project is only for class 12th student and this project is belongs to chemistry' in this project we will cover following steps
1 Introduction
2 Aim
3 Theory
4 Apparatus
5 Chemicalsrequired
6 Detection ofpH
7 Test for CarbonDioxide
8 Test forGlucose
9 Test forPhosphate
10 Test forAlcohol
11 Test forSucrose
12 Result
13 Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the indianization of
industry marked its beginning with launching of limca and
goldspot by parley group of companies. Since, the beginning
of cold drinks was highly profitable and luring, many
multinational companies launched their brands in India like
pepsi and coke.
Now days, it is observed in general that majority of people
viewed Sprite, Miranda, and Limca to give feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to activate pulse and brain.
AIM
Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different brands of cold drinks available in market
THEORY
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is
responsible for the formation of froth on shaking the bottle.
The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid which is also responsible for the tangy taste.
Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is Cm(H2O)n
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:-
Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is a monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 It occurs in Free State in the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 % sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is produced by a mixture of glucose and free dose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their pH value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such as citric acid and phosphoric acid.
APPARATUS
፠Test tube
፠Test tube holder
፠Test tube stand
፠Stop watch
፠Beaker
፠Burner
፠pH paper tripod stand
፠China dish
፠Wire gauge
፠Water bath
CHEMICALS REQUIRED
★Iodine solution
★Potassium iodine
★Sodium hydroxide
★Fehling’s A & B solution
★Lime water
★Concentrated HNO3
★Benedict solution
★Ammonium molybdate
DETECTION OF pH
1-2 drops of the sample of cold drink of each brand was taken and put on the pH paper. The change in the color of pH paper was noticed and was compared with the standard pH scale
OBSERVATION
INFERENCE
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of
citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of
different brands are different due to the variation in amount of acidic contents.
TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE
EXPERIMENT
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the sample
was passed through lime water. The lime water turned milky
OBSERVATION
INFERENCE
All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water.
The carbon dioxide (CO₂) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
Ca(OH)₂(aq) + CO₂(g) ⟶ CaCO₃(s) + H₂O(l)
TEST FOR GLUCOSE
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by
the following test
1. BENIDICTS’S SOLUTION TEST
A small sample of cold drink of different brands was taken
in a test tube and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were
added. The test tube was heated for few seconds. Formation
of reddish color confirms the presence of glucose in cold
drinks.
OBSERVATION
INFERENCE
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict’s
reagent. Hence all the drinks contain glucose.
2. FEHLING’S SOLUTION TEST
A small sample of cold drink of different brands was taken in a test tube and a few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution was added in equal amount. The test tube was heated in a water bath for 10 minutes. Appearance of brown precipitate confirms the presence of glucose in cold drinks.
OBSERVATION
INFERENCE
All the samples give positive test for glucose with Fehling’s
solutions (A&B). Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.
TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
Sample of each brand of cold drink was taken in a separate test tube and ammonium molybdate followed by concentrated nitric acid (HNO₃) was added to it, the solution was taken heated and the color of the precipitate confirms the presence of phosphate ions.
OBSERVATION
INFERENCE
All the soft drinks contain phosphate ions which are detected
by the presence of phosphate when canary yellow obtained.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
H₃PO₄ + 12 (NH₄)₂ MoO₄ + 21 HNO₃ ⟶ (NH₄)₃ PO₄·12MoO₃ + 21 HN₄NO₃ + 12H₂O
TEST FOR ALCOHOL
Samples of each brand of cold drinks are taken in sample test tube and iodine followed by potassium iodide and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is added to each test tube. Then the test tube are heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes yellow colored precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks
OBSERVATION
INFERENCE
All the Brands of Cold Drinks Contain Alcohol
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
CH₃CH₂OH +4 I₂+ 6 NaOH ⟶
CHI₃ (s)+ HCOONa + 5 NaI + 5 H₂O
TEST FOR SUCROSE
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks was taken in a china dish and heated very strongly until changes occur. Black colored residue left confirms the presence of sucrose in cold drinks.
OBSERVATION
INFERENCE
All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of
sucrose varies in each brand of drink. Fanta contained highest amount of sucrose.
RESULT
✱After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the
different brands of cold drinks namely
1.Coca cola
2.Sprite
3.Limca
4. Fanta
✱ All contains glucose, alcohol sucrose, phosphate, ions and
carbon dioxide. All are acidic in nature.
✱ On comparing the pH value of different brands coca cola is most acidic and limca is least acidic of all the four brands
taken.
✱ pH value of coca cola is nearly equal to disinfectant which
is harmful for body
✱ Sprite has maximum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide
and fanta has minimum amount of dissolved carbon
dioxide.
CONCLUSION
DISADVANTAGES OF CLOD DRINKS
1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they contain sugar in large amount which cause “diabetes”.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with
the body’s natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they
are also harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of
2.8. So they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial
truck must use the hazardous matter place cards reserved
for highly consive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are
very harmful to our body.
USES OF COLD DRINKS
1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.
2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove grease from clothes.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.
PRECAUTION
★ Wear eye glasses/Goggles
★ Keep bottles away from burner
★ Turn off burner when not in use
★ Wear gloves when using any hazardous or toxic agent.
★ Never eat or Drink anything while working with chemicals
★ Do not use any equipment unless you are trained and
approved as a user by your supervisor
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LABORATORY MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY
BY- VEENA SURI
DINESH COMPANION CHEMISTRY
BY- S.K. MALHOTRA
WEBSITES
www.googlearth.com
www.cseindia.org
www.icbse.com
www.seminarsonly.com
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