project on Study of effect of Potassium bisulphite as a food preservative

Today we will see how to make project on 'project on Study of effect of Potassium bisulphite as a food preservative' this project is only for class 12th student and this project is belongs to 'Chemistry In Everyday Life' in this project we will cover following steps

1.Objective 
2.Introduction
3 Apparatus 
4 Materials and Chemicals
5 Theory & Procedure 
6 Effect of concentration of sugar
7 Effect of concentration of KHSO3 
8 Effect of Temperature
9 Effect of Time

                                      Objective:

The objective of this project is to Study of effect of Potassium bisulphite as a food preservative under various conditions

   

                       Introduction

Growth of microorganisms in a food material can be inhibited by adding certain chemical substances. However the chemical substances should not be harmful to the human beings. Such chemical substances which are added to food materials to prevent their spoilage are known as chemical preservatives. In our country, two chemical preservatives which are permitted for use are:

1. Benzoic acid(or sodium benzoate)

2. Sulphur dioxide(or potassium bisulphite)

Benzoic acid or its sodium salt, sodium benzoate is commonly used for the preservation of food materials. For the preservation of fruits, fruit juices, squashes and jams sodium benzoate is used as preservative because it is soluble in water and hence easily mixes with the food product.

Potassium bisulphite is used for the preservation of colourless food materials such as fruit juices, squashes, apples and raw mango chutney. This is not used for preserving coloured food materials because Sulphur dioxide produced from this chemical is a bleaching powder. Potassium bisulphite on reaction with acid of the juice liberates Sulphur dioxide which is very effective in killing the harmful micro-organisms present in food and thus prevents it from getting spoiled.

      HSO3–(aq) + H+ (aq)  ⟶    H2O(l) + SO2(g)

The advantage of this method is that no 

harmful chemical is left in the food.

The aim of this project is to study the 

effect of potassium bisulphite as food preservative

i. At different temperatures.

ii. At different concentrations and

iii. For different intervals of time.

                             Apparatus

          Materials and Chemicals

                            Theory

Food materials undergo natural changes due to temperature, time and enzymatic action and become unfit for consumption. These changes may be checked by adding small amounts of potassium bisulphite. The effectiveness of KHSO3 as preservative depends upon its concentration under different conditions which may be determined experimentally

                        Procedure:

1. Take fresh fruits, wash them thoroughly with water and peel off their outer cover.

2. Grind it to a paste in the mortar with a pestle.

3. Mix with sugar and colouring matter.

4. The material so obtained is fruit jam. It may be used to study the effect of concentration of sugar and KHSO3, temperature and time.

          (A) Effect of concentration of Sugar: -

1. Take three wide mouthed reagent bottles labeled as I II III.

2. Put 100 gms of fruit jam in each bottle.

3. Add 5.0 gms, 10.0 gms and 15.0 gms of sugar to bottle No. I, II and III respectively.

4. Add 0.5 gm of KHSO3 to each bottle.

5. Mix contents thoroughly with a stirring rod.

6. Close the bottle and allow them to stand for one week or 10 days at room temperature.

7. Observe the changes taking place in Jam every day

     RECORD:

Result: The increase in concentration of sugar

causes fast decaying

(B) Effect of concentration of KHSO3 :–

1. Take bottles labeled as I, II, III.
2. Put 100 gm of Jam in each bottle.
3. Add 5.0 gm of sugar to each bottle.
4. Add 1.0 gm, 2.0 gm and 3.0 gm of KHSO3 to bottle No. I, II and III respectively.
5. Mix the contents thoroughly with a glass rod.

6. Keep all the bottles at room temperature for about 10 days and observe the changes everyday.

RECORD:

Result: The increase in concentration of KHSO3 increase more time of preservation

    (C) Effect of temperature: –

1. Take 100 gm of Jam in three bottles lebelled as I, II and III.
2. Add 10.0 gm of sugar and 1.0 gm of KHSO3 to each bottle.
3. Mix the contents thoroughly with a stirring rod.

4. Keep bottle No. I in the refrigerator at 0˚C, bottle No. II at room temperature (25˚C) and bottle No. III in a thermostat at 50˚C. Observe the changes taking place in the jam for 10 days

RECORD:

Result: The increase in Temperature causes fast fermentation of jam

(D) Effect of time: –

1. Take three bottles and label them as I, II and III.
2. To each bottle add 25 g of Jam and 1 g of potassium bisulphite.
3. Keep bottle I for 7 days, bottle II for 14 days and bottle III for 21 days at room temperature.

4. Note the changes taking place in each bottle and record the observations.

RECORD:

Result: With increase of days, the quality 

of the jam deteriorates.

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