physics project on transistor class 12

Capacitor, Components, Electrical Components

Today we will see how to make project on 'physics project on transistor class 12' this project is only for class 12th student and this project is belongs to 'Semiconductor Electronics' in this project we will cover following steps

1 Introduction

2 Experiment

-Aim
-Materials required
-Observation
-Result

3. Bibliography

Introduction

transistor is a three terminal active device. The terminals are emitter, base, collector. In CB configuration, the base is common to both input (emitter) and output (collector). For normal operation, the E-B junction is forward biased and C-B junction is reverse biased. In CB configuration, IE is +ve, IC is –ve and IB is –ve. With an increasing the reverse collector voltage, the space-charge width at the output junction increases and the effective base width ‘W’ decreases. This phenomenon is known as “Early effect”. Then, there will be less chance for recombination within the base region. With increase of charge gradient within the base region, the current of minority carriers injected across the emitter junction increases. The current amplification factor of CB configuration is given by,

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Experiment

AIM

1. To observe and draw the input and output characteristics of a transistor connected in common base configuration.

2. To find current gain (α) of the given transistor.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

1. A pnp Transistor

2. Regulated power supply (0-30V, 1A) and a 3-V battery

3. Voltmeter (0-30V)

4. Ammeters (0-50mA)

5. 2 high resistance rheostats

6. Connecting wires

PROCEDURE:

INPUT CHARACTERISTICS

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. For plotting the input characteristics, the output voltage VCE is kept constant at 0V and for different values of VEB note down the values of IE.

3. Repeat the above step keeping VCB at 2V, 4V, and 6V. All the readings are tabulated.

4. A graph is drawn between VEB and IE for constant VCB.

OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. For plotting the output characteristics, the input IE is kept constant at 10mA and for different values of VCB, note down the values of IC.

3. Repeat the above step for the values of IE at 20mA, 40mA, and 60mA, all the readings are tabulated.

4. A graph is drawn between VCB and Ic for constant IE

OBSERVATIONS:

1. Least count of voltmeter Vi = 0.1V

2. Range of voltmeter Vi= 0-5 volts

3. Zero error of voltmeter Vi= No error

4. Least count of voltmeter V0 = 0.1V

5. Range of voltmeter V0=0 to 5V

6. Zero error of voltmeter V0= No error

7. Range of milli-ammeter= 0-50mA

8. Zero error of milli-ammeter= No error

RESULT

1. The input, output and transfer characteristics are shown

in the adjoining graphs.

2. The current gain, α =

3. The voltage gain, Av =

PRECAUTIONS

1. The supply voltages should not exceed the rating of the

transistor.

2. Meters should be connected properly according to their

polarities.

SOURCES OF ERROR

The transistor may be faulty.

BIBILOGRPAHY
Various books and websites were

referred while making this project:

1) Physics Textbook for class XII, Part-I, NCERT
2) Physics Laboratory Manual for class XII, NCERT
3) Wikipedia.org
4) ConnectUEdu
5) Youtube.com

YOU CAN WATCH OUR VIDEO

you can see our pdf also